Learn bones
Bone library
Choose a bone to study it in 3D. Each lesson covers its landmarks, how to hold it, how to tell right from left, its articulations and attachments, and the questions examiners ask.
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Upper limb — Shoulder girdle
- ClavicleClavicula · long bone, but an atypical one: it lies horizontally, is s-shaped, and ossifies largely in membrane rather than in cartilage3D model · 12 landmarks (10 marked)
- ScapulaScapula · flat bone: a thin triangular plate that gives broad surfaces for muscle attachment, with thickened processes3D model · 23 landmarks (23 marked)
Upper limb — Arm
Upper limb — Forearm
Upper limb — Hand
- Carpal bonesOssa carpi · short bones: eight small, roughly cuboidal bones with several articular surfaces3D model · 15 landmarks (3 marked)
- Metacarpal bonesOssa metacarpi · miniature long bones: each has a base, a shaft3D model · 9 landmarks (4 marked)
- Phalanges of the handOssa digitorum manus (phalanges) · miniature long bones: each phalanx has a base, a shaft3D model · 6 landmarks (5 marked)
Pelvis & lower limb — Pelvis
Pelvis & lower limb — Thigh
Pelvis & lower limb — Knee
Pelvis & lower limb — Leg
Pelvis & lower limb — Foot
- Tarsal bonesOssa tarsi · short bones: roughly cube-shaped bones of spongy bone covered by a thin shell, built to carry and spread weight rather than to act as long levers3D model · 20 landmarks (19 marked)
- Metatarsal bonesOssa metatarsi · long bones3D model · 10 landmarks (3 marked)
- Phalanges of the footPhalanges pedis · long bones3D model · 10 landmarks (5 marked)
Axial skeleton — Vertebral column
- Typical vertebraVertebra · irregular bone: its body, arch and processes give it a complex shape that fits no simple long, short or flat pattern3D model · 19 landmarks (17 marked)
- Atlas (C1)Atlas · irregular bone: an atypical cervical vertebra shaped as a ring, with no body and no spinous process3D model · 12 landmarks (10 marked)
- Axis (C2)Axis · irregular bone: an atypical cervical vertebra recognised by the tooth-like dens projecting up from its body3D model · 10 landmarks (4 marked)
- SacrumOs sacrum · irregular bone: a large triangular wedge formed by the fusion of the five sacral vertebrae3D model · 20 landmarks (20 marked)
Axial skeleton — Thorax
This is a starting library for Pharm-D osteology practicals, not a copy of any university's syllabus. Check your own course outline for the bones your practical examines.