AdvancedPharmacognosy
Advanced study of biologically active natural products — from allergens and enzymes through anticancer and immunomodulatory agents to hormones, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.
Allergens & Allergenic Preparations
Definition and classification of allergens, standardisation of allergenic extracts, routes of administration, immunotherapy (desensitisation), and pharmacopoeial requirements for allergenic preparations.
Enzymes in Pharmacognosy
Enzyme sources from plants and microorganisms, extraction and purification, pharmaceutical enzymes (papain, bromelain, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, lysozyme), enzyme immobilisation, and therapeutic applications.
Anticancer, Anti-AIDS & Immunomodulators
Plant-derived anticancer agents (taxol, vincristine, camptothecin), anti-HIV natural products, immunomodulatory herbs (ashwagandha, tinospora, echinacea), mechanism of action, and clinical significance.
Hormones in Pharmacognosy
Hormones of plant and animal origin, steroid hormones from diosgenin, insulin from animal pancreas, thyroid preparations, phytohormones, biosynthesis, isolation, and pharmaceutical uses.
Nutraceuticals & Cosmeceuticals
Definition, classification and regulatory status of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, dietary supplements, functional foods, herbal cosmetics, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and safety evaluation.
Start with Chapter 1 — Allergens & Allergenic Preparations